Rdc : Dossier Vital Kamerhe, Certains Médias s’érigent en Juge ! Le métier du Journalisme mis à rude épreuve
Alors qu’il est placé à Makala (Prison centrale de Kinshasa) sous mandat d’arrêt provisoire depuis la soirée du Mercredi 8 Avril 2020, le Directeur de cabinet du Chef de l’Etat Congolais, Vital Kamerhe fait la une des médias congolais et des agitations sur les réseaux sociaux. C’était après son audition de près de six heures autour de la gestion du programme de 100 jours initié par Félix Tshisekedi que la justice a pris la mesure de le retenir dans le cadre des enquêtes. Cependant, les titres de certains journaux et médias congolais font peur et jette l’opinion dans l’imbroglio de croire à la « Condamnation de Vital Kamerhe ».
Le parti cher à Vital Kamerhe l’Union pour la Nation Congolaise (Unc), a fustigé les comportements de certains médias dans l’exagération des commentaires au sujet du dossier qui cible son mentor.
« Nous fustigions les comportements de certaines médias qui s’évertuent à véhiculer des fausses informations selon lesquelles le Président de l’Unc serait inculpé pour détournement des derniers publics. Ceci est totalement faux et constitue une atteinte à la dignité et à la personne de Vital Kamerhe », peut-on lire dans la déclaration de certains députés nationaux de l’Unc, rendue publique le 8 Avril dernier.
Le Groupe de presse la République.net qui suit de près les réactions des internautes sur ce dossier, a contacté un avocat du Barreau de Kinshasa pour savoir « le rôle du Journaliste dans la poursuite d’un dossier judiciaire », se référant au dossier de Vital Kamerhe.
« C’est l’occasion pour les médias de vulgariser les lois et les procédures à l’attention de la population »
De nombreux prévenus non encore jugés sont déjà condamnés sur les médias. Certains sont même par la suite innocentés… Ces accusations hâtives et parfois sans fondements sont condamnées par la loi explique Pépé Mikwa, Avocat au Barreau de Kinshasa Gombe.
« On est encore loin d’un procès. Il s’agit juste d’une instruction. A la fin de l’instruction le juge peut classer sans suite ou fixer le dossier au tribunal. Et à l’issue d’un procès n’est jamais connue d’avance. L’innocence comme la culpabilité n’est pas encore prouvée. Donc, Prudence et professionnalisme. Calmez les émotions et attendez » conseille-t-il.
« Toute personne accusée d’une infraction est présumée innocente jusqu’à ce que sa culpabilité ait été établie par un jugement définitif », précise d’ailleurs l’article 17 de la Constitution de 2006 de la République Démocratique du Congo.
« C’est l’occasion de vulgariser les lois, les droits et les procédures à l’attention de la population. Et non de s’ériger en juge. Une procédure judiciaire est souvent longue et empreinte de surprises », ajoute Me Pépé Mikwa.
Certains médias vont jusqu’à préciser les noms, âges et adresses et à montrer les visages des prévenus. Pourtant, l’article 79 de la loi n°96-002 du 22 juin 1996 sur la liberté de presse interdit « de publier les actes d’accusation et tout autre acte de procédure judiciaire avant qu’ils n’aient été lus en audience publique ». Les contrevenants encourent au maximum 15 jours d’emprisonnement et d’une amende.
Retour sur les normes professionnelles
Le Code d’étique et déontologie du journaliste congolais insiste également sur l’obligation de respect de la dignité humaine qui implique l’absence de diffusion de faits qui touchent à l’honneur ou à l’intégrité de la personne. Faute de quoi, le journaliste tombe dans « la diffamation » qui est un délit de presse. Le Code pénal punit la diffamation de huit jours à un an de prison et d’une amende. Mais le problème est que les journalistes se contentent des informations officielles brutes sans véritablement ni les recouper, ni les analyser.
La Charte de Munich de 1971, qui fixe les devoirs et les droits des journalistes du monde entier, précise pourtant en son article 8 que le journaliste doit « s’interdire le plagiat, la calomnie, la diffamation et les accusations sans fondements ».
Le risque est en effet grand de stigmatiser des personnes dont la culpabilité n’a pas encore été prouvée. Après le procès, elles peuvent être acquittées, puis ouvrir une action judiciaire contre ceux qui ont sali leur réputation pour diffamation ou imputations dommageable. L’auteur de l’article et le directeur de publication sont pénalement responsables à titre principal.
Eviter, donc, les accusations hâtives et sans preuves et, comme l’impose la Charte de Munich, « rectifier toute information publiée qui se révèle inexacte. »
La Rédaction
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